Height: A large tree; occasionally reaching 120 feet or more in height

Evergreen/Deciduous: Evergreen   

Lifespan: Usually, 200 years or so, but several 300-year-old specimens have been documented.  

Fall Foliage: Green  

Range: The southeastern United States, north to New Jersey and west to Texas; found inland to Missouri   

Typical Habitat: Flexible, but typically found in sunny, well-drained areas with moderate rainfall; often found growing alongside loblolly pines (Pinus taeda)   

The Shortleaf Pine Tree: A Somewhat Slow-Growing Pioneer

The shortleaf pine is a pioneer species, which quickly invades old fields and disturbed sites. However, it spends its first few years of life pouring resources into its root system – including the development of a significant taproot. This is thought to be an adaptation that allows the trees to survive wildfires.

Nevertheless, the shortleaf pine – once established – grows quite large, and it’s an important timber species in the south.   

Shortleaf Pine Tree Identification: Tips & Tricks

Generally, noting the tree’s short needles (which are between 3 and 5 inches in length) is enough for an identification. But the tree’s small, often very numerous, cones are another great clue to their identification.

To distinguish shortleaf pines from large Virginia pines (Pinus virginiana), note that shortleaf pines self-prune pretty effectively, while Virginia pines often retain their lower limbs for many years. Additionally, the Virginia pine often exhibits a more gnarled and twisted growth habit.

Nevertheless, one of the easiest ways to distinguish the shortleaf pine from others within its range are to note the resin pockets (small “pits” in the bark).

The Shortleaf Pine: Additional Information

Looking for more information about shortleaf pine trees? Start your journey with the following resources:

• Conifers.org: One of the quintessential sources for pine tree information, this resource includes information on the species’ ecology and taxonomic notes.
• North Carolina State Extension: All of the basic information you could want about the shortleaf pine, including several images.    
• American Conifer Society: All of the basic facts you’d want to know, including a range map of the species.